Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that causes your body to excrete too much protein in your urine. Nephrotic syndrome is usually caused by damage to the clusters of small blood vessels in your kidneys that filter waste and excess water from your blood. Here are some symptoms of nephritic syndrome.

　　Swelling (edema) is the most common symptom. It may occur:
　　.In the face and around the eyes (facial swelling)
　　.In the arms and legs, especially in the feet and ankles
　　.In the belly area (swollen abdomen)

　　Other symptoms include:
　　.Foamy appearance of the urine
　　.Poor appetite
　　.Weight gain (unintentional) from fluid retention
　　.Muscle wasting
　　.Stomach pain

.Dizziness when you standing up from a lying or sitting position (orthostatic hypotension).
　　.General malaise (feeling unwell)

　　In addition to the symptoms mentioned above, there are also three main symptoms of nephrotic syndrome associated with protein leaking into the urine:
　　Hypoalbuminemia (low level of albumin in the blood)
　　Hypoalbuminemia is a low level of albumin (a protein) in the blood due to proteinuria. Low albumin in the blood causes fluid to move from the blood into the tissue, causing swelling. The kidney perceives the decrease of fluid in the blood and aggressively retains as much fluid and salt as it can. This contributes to the body's fluid-overload state.

　　Edema (swelling)
　　Nephrotic-related swelling makes tissue puffy, soft, and impressionable to the touch. Edema is most common in the legs and feet, especially after standing all day. It can cause feelings of tightness in the extremities and may affect mobility. In later stages, swelling may occur in the abdomen (ascites), hands, and around the eyes in the morning (called periorbital edema). In later stages, the whole body may swell (anasarca). Some people gain weight after fluid builds up in their bodies for a long time.

　　Hypercholesterolemia (high level of cholesterol in the blood)
　　Hypercholestrolemia, high blood cholesterol, is common in nephrotic syndrome). In addition to albumin, other important enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism slip through the glomeruli, which contribute to high blood cholesterol.

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