What are the symptoms of renal failure?

Renal failure according to their onset of urgency is divided into acute and chronic two, there is a serious harm, should cause enough attention to patients. So, the following will be a comprehensive analysis of the symptoms of renal failure.

Symptoms of renal failure

As mentioned above, renal failure is divided into acute and chronic two, the symptoms are not the same. Let's take a closer look.

First, acute renal failure
(Urine volume "400mL / d) or no urine (urine volume" 50mL / d), electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders and acute uremia, also showed non-oliguria (urine "1000mL / d). Treatment is timely, appropriate, renal function can be restored. Complicated condition, critically ill patients or improper handling can be converted to chronic renal insufficiency or death.

Acute renal failure clinical manifestations of oliguric acute renal tubular necrosis. Divided into three periods:

1, less urinary period. Urine loss caused by hyperkalemia, water poisoning (severe swelling, high blood pressure, pulmonary edema or brain edema), metabolic acidosis and acute uremic symptoms. Hyperkalemia and water poisoning as the main cause of death.

2, polyuria. Renal tubular epithelial cell regeneration after the increase in urine output increased, so that potassium, sodium decreased, persistent polyuria patients can die of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

3, recovery period. Urine urine volume decreased to normal, blood Bun, creatinine (Scr) and electrolytes were restored to normal levels, but the renal tubular function and structure returned to normal still need 3 to 6 months. Those who failed to recover were converted to chronic renal failure. Non-oliguric urine, although a lot of urine, but blood Bun, Scr increased daily and symptoms of poisoning, because the kidney injury is light, so the prognosis is good.

Second, chronic renal failure

1, early manifestations of weakness, poor spirit, after the emergence of poor appetite, nausea, vomiting and other digestive symptoms.

2, the disease further development of anemia, palpitations, skin itching, limb sensory abnormalities, numbness.

3, late invasion and cardiovascular system of hypertension, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia and heart failure; invasion of the blood system with severe anemia; invasion of the respiratory system of interstitial pneumonia, invasion of the central nervous system Expression indifferent, attention can not be concentrated, severe cases have seizures and coma, but also the performance of lower limb peripheral neuropathy.

These are related to the symptoms of renal failure related to the hope that the reader can help to have a more in-depth understanding, if found to have the above symptoms, it should immediately go to the hospital for treatment.

How is the treatment of renal failure better?

After renal failure, in the usual time so the first need to rule out the cause, and then according to the patient's physical condition to choose symptomatic treatment, at the beginning for the beginning of the early choice of medication, but to the late stage can be based on the patient's Condition, choose the appropriate surgery or other methods.

① removal of incentives, symptomatic treatment, control of infection and correct water, electrolyte imbalance and acidosis.

② non-dialysis therapy. Low-protein low-phosphorus diet can delay the progression of the disease. According to the renal function to adjust the protein intake, which high-quality protein (eggs, milk, lean meat, etc.) need 50% to 70%. Heat should be 146.3 kJ / kg / day, limiting the proportion of plant protein to wheat starch potatoes or corn starch instead of rice, noodles staple food. Supplement the essential amino acids to increase protein synthesis, improve long-term low-protein diet caused by malnutrition and immune status, and can reduce blood phosphorus. Oral Chinese medicine rhubarb or decoction enema to mild uremia has reduced the effect of Bun. Oral adsorbent oxidized starch can be combined with intestinal urea nitrogen or amines to discharge with feces and reduce Bun. Oral mannitol can also reduce Bun and Scr by diversion, but not for critically ill patients.

③ application of erythropoietin subcutaneous or intravenous injection, 3 times a week, while taking iron can quickly correct anemia.

 ④ with calcium and phosphorus binder calcium carbonate or traditional Chinese medicine kidney capsule to correct hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, while giving vitamin D3, can reduce hyperparathyroidism bone disease.

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